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KMID : 0352720090330040316
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2009 Volume.33 No. 4 p.316 ~ p.323
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Effects of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol on the Inflammatory Mediators Release from the Activated Mast Cells
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Ro Jai-Youl
Han Yong-Nam
Choi Kwang-Tae
Lee Chang-Ho
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Abstract
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Ginseng saponins have various pharmacological effects on the immune system. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) are the species of ginseng saponin metabolites that are formed by human intestinal bacteria and detected in circulation. The effects of PPD and PPT on the inflammatory mediator release from the activated mast cells were tested. Histamine release was evaluated in activated guinea pig lung mast cells, and the secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was assessed in an HMC-1 cell after treating it with ginseng saponin metabolites. The results are as follows. PPT, at its maximum concentration of 100 μM, completely abolished the secretion of IL-4 from the PMA-stimulated HMC-1 cell. It also inhibited IL-8 secretion from the same cells by about 40-50% of the PMA-treated DMSO control. PPD, at its maximum concentration of 100 μM, showed a tendency to induce histamine release from the guinea pig lung mast cells. It inhibited the secretion of IL-4 (by 89% of the PMA-treated DMSO control) in the PMA-stimulated HMC-1 cell, but did have a significant effect on the IL-8 release from the same cell. Both PPD and PPT showed no effects, however, on the release of TNF-α from the PMA-stimulated HMC-1 cell. These results suggest that PPD and PPT are from the ginseng metabolites that are responsible for the immunomodulating activity of ginseng extracts when they are taken orally.
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KEYWORD
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20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), mast cell
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